That's a big question. Probably the cheapest and easiest would be to replace the existing axle, which is probably rusted inside anyway, with a new one of higher capacity. Use higher rated wheels and tires. The OEM leaf spring pack is very stiff (I've never seen such thick leaves on a small trailer spring before), and shouldn't need replacing unless it's sagging.
Due to the larger OD of the tire, the axle would probably not include a drop like the original has, or the hull or fender could scrape the tire.
I'm not trying to talk you out of doing the two-axle thing, but there are plenty of folks here with single axle trailers that tow long distances with them. Highlander comes to mind right away, and he moved himself and his boat on the OEM

trailer from near hear all the way to Vancouver and the Pacific Ocean, which is like 2600 miles or so.
But if you do decide to use two axles, you'll need to move the original forward (or back), modifying the spring hangers to take the original plus the new, including a middle one for the equalizer, and purchase a new axle for the rear (or front) plus springs. That's what the PO of my boat did, but I dismantled the spring packs and removed some leaves and shortened others as required to soften them. I neither need nor want 7000 lb worth of suspension when 4000 lb is more than enough.
Mine's a bit of a Frankentrailer, with two mismatched axles (with disc brakes on the rear axle, and empty drums on the front), but it works well. The bearings should last forever since they're lightly loaded, and the tires will age out long before they wear out. Disc brakes are sooooo much better, but the surge coupler requires a different master cylinder (disc is not the same as drum), and a lockout solenoid valve for backing, which I have connected to the backup light pin in the 7-pin round RV style socket on my tow vehicle for automatic operation.
The last picture is a comparison of the Dexter leaf compared to the OEM leaf. I removed one leaf from the Dexter and shortened one other to divide the spans more evenly, and removed two from the OEM pack and shortened and reused the remaining one (not counting the primary, with an eye at each end of course).
