A typical Navy ship has 13 Shots of anchor chain (1 shot = 15 fathoms = 90 feet, so a total of 1170 feet of chain - there is no rope rode). The links are from 4" to as big as 12", depending on the size of the vessel.
As you can imagine, when the anchor is up, all that chain has to go somewhere - and it all leads down through the "hawse pipe" into a room called the "chain locker". It is not an "anchor locker" because the anchor is stored hanging outside the hull of the ship, not inside. On my last ship I recall (it's been a long time so no promises) the chain locker being about 20 feet square and two stories tall inside, and when the chain was all in, the locker was nearly full.
On our Macs, we call the little cabinet in the foc's'le (foc's'le is a contraction of forecastle) deck an "anchor locker" because the anchor is actually able to be stored inside it
Andy